What Is
5G, Exactly?
5G is a term
used to describe the forthcoming fifth generation of mobile network technology.
Right now, it doesn't signify any particular type of technology. While 4G has
become synonymous with LTE, there's been no publicly agreed upon standard for
5G networks. However, a couple of likely technologies are emerging.
5G networks
will use a type of encoding called OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing), which
is similar to the encoding that LTE uses. The air interface will be designed
for much lower latency and greater flexibility than LTE, though.
The
Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance
defines the following requirements for 5G networks:
- Data rates of tens of
megabits per second for tens of thousands of users
- 1 Gb per second
simultaneously to many workers on the same office floor
- Several hundreds of thousands of simultaneous
connections for massive wireless sensor network
- Spectral efficiency significantly
enhanced compared to 4G
- Coverage improved
- Signalling efficiency
enhanced
- Latency reduced significantly
compared to LTE.
5th
generation of systems are driven by OFDM, MC-CDMA, LAS-CDMA, UWB, Network LMDS
and IPV6.
5G networks
have been designed for a smart world such as smart cities, smart healthcare,
transportation and most important idea of IOT. In order to handle higher network
demands, the network must be smart, efficient and cost effective. It should
support mobility, better coverage, power efficiency, reliability and most
importantly security.
How fast is 5G? Low latency, High capacity.
Low latency
means that not only will download and upload speeds be fast, but the response
times for starting those data transfers will be similarly snappy. There'll be
less of a pause between pressing play on Netflix and that crisp 4K content
starting to stream to your phone, in other words.
The other
benefit relates to the biggest issue with current mobile network standards - a
critical lack of bandwidth. The radio frequencies that our 3G and 4G networks
operate on are overcrowded to say the least.
With more
and more people and devices set to be connected over the next five years or so
- 5G will likely be the network that has to handle the dawn of driverless cars
- this will be a critical problem before too long. Whatever technology 5G
employs, expect it to address this either through an all new spectrum, or
through smarter use of the existing spectrum (only assigning the amount that's
needed for each task).
Generation Mobile Communication System
4G Vs 5G Generation
How dose its work?
1. Carrier Aggregation
Carrier
aggregation is a technique used in LTE advanced to improve the system
efficiency. In carrier aggregation, two or more carrier signals are aggregated
to support wider bandwidth which allows even up to 100 MHz.
CA uses three
techniques for aggregation:Intra-band contiguous: two carriers are transmitted
at neighboring channels. Intra-band non contiguous: two
carriers are transmitter with channel spacing.Inter-band: In this technique
different LTE bands are used for transmission simultaneously.
2. Small Cell Concept
In
order to increase network efficiency, the cell is sub divided into micro and
Pico cells. Spectrum reusability allows to adding more users in a small
geographical area and handle network more efficiently.
3. MIMO Concept
MIMO (Multiple
Input, Multiple Output) is a
transmission technology with the usage of multiple antennas for transmission
and reception. Simultaneous data transfer is possible using this technology thus
offer efficient data rate. The more the number of antennas, the more
transmission and reception can be done.
4. Wi-Fi off loading
Wi-fi
offloading is one the main feature of the future networks. It allows the user
to connect to network using wi-fi network and the cellular network can be
allocated to other users. It would be suitable for some places where cellular
network quality is poor and user still have the option to connect to the
network without cellular reception.
5. Device to device communication
D2D communication is
technique where network authorize two adjacent devices communicate each other directly.
Network will have the control over the devices and allows an operator to
determine the traffic routing between direct and network path. During the
absents of network, one devices can connect to another device.
6. Cloud – Radio Network Access
C-RAN
is a network technology used for effective communication with a centralized
information processing carried out remotely within the cloud system. The signal
will be processed at a remote location and the base stations will be connected
with most efficient fiber optic connections. It gives lot of advantages in
system implementation, maintenance and highly efficient.
When will we see 5G?
It’s still early days for 5G, but Ofcom
thinks that you’ll be able to buy a 5G phone in 2020. Obviously any 5G release
date is just an estimate, and other experts are predicting it may be 2021. Even
technology-obsessed South Korea isn’t likely to see any 5G trials until 2017,
and Verizon and AT&T are expected to start rolling out 5G networks in 2018
in the US.
In India
In India, Nokia Networks is part of
Telecommunications Standards Development Society which is working on 5G, and is
in discussion with telecom operators to start 5G trials.However, Indian telcos
are still investing in 4G technology to roll out the fourth generation networks
and large parts of the country are yet to be covered under the high-speed data
and voice services.
Sometime between 2022 - 2025
seems reasonable for 5G deployments in India.
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